THE SCHOLARLY PILLAR OF THE SOKOTO CALIPHATE AND HIS SCHOLARLY WORK
A. Bukhari Sokoto
SHEIKH ABDULLAHI BIN FODIYO
A prolific scholar of the Sokoto caliphate. He served as a prime Minister to Sheikh Usman Bin Fodiyo his elder brother or as personal assistant, he directed most of the affairs of the state at the beginning of the Jihad. There are different versions on where and when Sheikh was born. According to a book “Great lives” Sheikh Abdullahi was born in a town called Marnona near Wurno in 1766 A.D. while S.U. Balogun has this to say: There is no indication of where and when Abdullahi was born in his work entitled Ida’un Nusukh, which can be termed his autobiography. M. Hiskett, relying on the opinion of Alkalin Gwandu Ahmad suggest that he was born at Maganimi. He also gives 1180 A.H. 1760 A.D. at the date of Abdullahi’s birth. Another view by Umar Bello asserts that he was born at Degel. Even though Umar Bello in his work does not quote the source of his information, his seems more reliable than the former. Certain information extracted from Rawdul –Jinan of Gidado B. Laima and Kan’zul Awlad of Muhammadu Sambo gives support to the assertion. It was believe that, Sheikh Usmanu was twelve years ahead of him.
He began his early education from his father Mohammadu Fodiye, his elder brother Sheikh Usman Fodiyo, Muhammadu Almagili, Muhammadu Sambo and Sheikh Jibril Ibn Umar of Agades to mention just a few. It was reported that Sheikh Abdullahi committed the only Qur’an at the age of 13 years, been fortuned to have been brought up in the family well blessed with knowledge and environment with men of learning and scholars, these stimulate him immensely to develop habit of learning, he devoted himself to it, until he became a famour scholar. Vast and well recognized in and outside the caliphate. He was one of the most intelligent and most devoted gifted and wonderful writers. His enthusiasm in studies made him one of the greatest African writers in the Company of Sheikh Usman Bin Fodiyo.
Abdullahi’s Teachings
In most cases, Sheikh Abdullahi Bin Fodiyo used to accompany his elder brother, when the Shehu began to travel in order to teach or preach, they went to many places together among which are: Gobir, Kabi, and Zamfara. He learned many lessons while accompanying his elder brother. In fact he tried all his possible effort to emulate and follow the Shehu’s example in bringing people close to their creature. Following the right and authentic teachings of Islam, he act as the Shehu’s Chief Advicer and one of the bravest Warrior.
Abdullahi’s Scholarship
Despite the struggle and challenges ahead of them in facing the enemies of Chiefs of Hausa, Sheikh Abdullahi was a great scholar who devoted most of his life in research and writing, he wrote many books from almost all the areas in Islamic knowledge which includes: Qur’an Commentary, Ilmul Tajweed, Hadis, Fiqh Siirah, Arabic. Literature etc. After the division of the caliphate by Abdullahi’s elder’s brother Sheikh Usman Bin Fodiyo, Western Part of the Caliphate was handed over to him, later Shehu Abdullahi handed over the affairs of the state to his Son Muhammad and his Nephew Bukhari. He devoted rest of his life to research and writings. He died in the year 1832 at the age of 66, at Gwandu his Capital and was buried there.
A LIST OF ABDULLAHI BIN FODIYO SCHOLARLY WORKS
ALIFUN
1. Al-Bahrul Muhidu
2. Alfiiyatul Usuli
3. Al’amalul Yaumiy
4. Al’aqiidatus Sanusiyyah
5. Al-Bahru Fi Ulumil Nahwu
6. Attarhibu Anil Gaflati Fis Salaati
7. Annawaadiru
8. Al’-Azkar Wad Da’awaati
9. Al-Isti’idadu Li Yaumil Mi’aadi
10. Attargibu Wat Tarhiibu
11. Attibyaanu Li Huquqil Ikhwani
12. A’adabul Mu’aashirati
13. Annasihatu Bi Taqribi Ma Yajibu Ala A’mmatil Ummati
14. Al-Mawaa’izu Wal Hikami
15. Addariqul Jaaddati
16. A’adabul Adaati Alaa Sunnati Rasulullahi
17. Allu’u Lu’ul Masuni
18. Akhlaqul Mustapha
19. Al- Hisnur Rasini
20. Anniyaatu Fil A’amaali Dunyawiyyati
21. Annasa’ihu Fi Ahammil Masaa’lihi
22. Annahatul Basiratu Fi Sharhil Qasa’idil Ashariyati
23. Arkaanil Imaani
24. Aljawaahirul Hisani Fi Tahqiqi Ma’arifati
25. A’aalil Muwaa’iz
26. Adabul Ibaadaat Wal Adat
27. Alamaatul Muttaba’in
28. Aslul Fullaatin
29. Annasiiha Bit Targhib
30. Annasiihatul Kaafiyah
31. Al’asma’ul Sab’ati
32. Al’aadaatu Alaa Sunnatir Rasuuli
33. Annasihatul Wadii’ati
34. Al-kaukabus Saa’di’i
35. Idaahuz Zadil Ma’adhi
36. Idaa’un Nuskhy
37. Isnaadul Bukhari
38. Ilmul Awliyah Ahliz Zawq
39. Islaahul A’amal
40. Ilmil Auliyah.
BAA’UN
41. Bayanul Arkan Wash Shurudi Lid Dariqati Sufiyyah
42. Bayan Adabil Ibaadaat
43. Bayanun Naasihina
44. Bayanun Nasabi Wa Aslul Daari
45. Bayanun Nasiihati Al-Waaridati Minal Ahaadisis Sahiihati
TAA’UN
46. Ta’alimul Anaami Ta’azimullahi Linabiyyina
47. Ta’aarifu Maafi Jaami’il Bukhari
48. Ta’aribu Maa A’ajama Sheikh
49. Ta’alimul Radi Fi Asbaabil Ikhtisaasi
50. Takhmiisu Daaliyattis Sheikh Abdullahi
51. Talkhisu Alhisni Rasiini
52. Tahzibul Insaani
53. Taqribud Daruuri
54. Tabsiratun Nazzar
55. Talkhisul Muhammadiyyah
56. Takhmisu Qasaa’idu Ashriiyyaati
57. Ta’alimul Ashaabi
58. Tazyinu Ahlus Sunnati
59. Tahzibul-Insaan Min Khisaalish Shaytan
60. Ta’alimul Anaam
61. Targiibu Durarid Din
62. Tibyanu Li Huquqil Ikhwaani
63. Targiibu Fi Ilm Ahliz Zawq
64. Taarikhil Ulamaa’i Was Saalihinaa
JIIMUN
65. Jaudatus Sa’aadah
66. Jawabus Saa’ilil Fi Binaa’il Hisni
KHA’UN
67. Khulaasatul Usuuli
68. Khulasat usuulil Kawkabis Saati
69. Khulasatul Usuli Fi Ilm Usulil Fiqh
70. Khutubatuj Jumu’ah Wa Kayfiyatuz Ziyaarah
DAALUN
71. Daaliyatus Sheikh Abdullahi
72. Dawaa’ul Waswaasi
73. Dirarul Hikamir Rassul
74. Dir’ul Kai’at
75. Daliyatu Fii Madhin Nabiyyi
76. Dir’ul Liinati Fi Ilmil Hai’atiy
ZAALUN
77. Zaadul Ma’aadiy
RAAUN
78. Ramadana
79. Raudul A’shiqi Fi Madahi Sayyidil Ibadi
80. Risaalatun Nasaa’ih
SIINUN
81. Sabiilus Sa’adaati
82. Sabiilu Ahlis Salaahi
83. Sabiilun Najaati
84. Sabiilus Sunnati Al-Musiilu Ilal Jannati
85. Sabilus Salaamati Fil Imaamati
86. Sulaalatul Miftaahi
87. Siraajul Jami’i Lil Bukhaari
88. Saylul A’iyni
89. Sabilul Mu’ini Alaa Murshidil Mu’ini
90. Sabilus Salah Lil Falah
SHINUN
91. Shukurul Ihsaan Alaa Minanil Mannaani
92. Shifa’un Naasi
93. Sharhu Qasidatil Badamasiyyah
DWADUN
94. Dwau’ul Musalli
95. Diyaa’ul Imaani Fii Islaahil Anaami
96. Diyaa’u Ulil Amri Wal Mujahidina
97. Diyaa’ul Qawaa’idi Wa Nasril Fawaa’idi
98. Diyaa’ul Wilaayati
99. Diyaa’ul Hukkami
100. Diyaa’us Siyaasaati
101. Diyaa’ul Khulafaa’i
102. Diyaa’us Sultaani
103. Diyaa’us Sanadi
104. Diyaa’ut Taawiili
105. Diyaa’ul Ummati
106. Diyaa’ul Ummati Fi Adabil A’immati
107. Diyaa’ul Muqtadiina Lil Khulafaa’ir RaaShidina
108. Diyaa’ul Anaami Fil Halali Wal Haraami
109. Diyaa’u Ahlir Rashaadi
110. Diyaa’u Ulumid Diini
111. Diyaa’ul Mujahidiina Wa Hurratud Diini
112. Diyaa’ur Raawi
113. Diyaa’ul Munajjiyaati
114. Diyaa’u Ahlil Ihtisab
DHA’UN
115. Dhariiqul Ulamaa’i Wassalihina
116. Dhariqul Khulafaa’i
117. Dhariqul Salihiina
118. Dhariquj Jaaddah
GA’INUN
119. Guyuusur Rawaabi
FAA’UN
120. Faraa’idul Jaliilati
121. Fathul Mannan
122. Fathul Latif Fi Ilmi Arud Wal Qawaafi
123. Fuyuudatur Rahmati
124. Fathul Basiri Fi Ilmit Tafsiiri
125. Fathul Muna Fi Jam’il Ma Warada Min Alfaazi Sheikh Usman Bin
Fodiyo
126. Fadaa’ilu Afaadilil Azkar
QAAFUN
127. Qawaa’idus Salati
128. Qasiidatul Alhamdulillahil A’azam
129. Qasiidatu Mawaadatu Lillahi
130. Qasiidatu Kifaa Nabki
131. Qiraa’atul Qur’ani Wad Da’awaati
132. Qawaaidus Sulhi Ilal Falaahi
KAAFUN
133. Kafful Ikhwani Anit Ta’arrudi Bil Inkari
134. Kifayatul Awwami Fil Buyuu’i
135. Kifayatud Dullaabi Fin Nikaahi
136. Kitabud Diyyaati
137. Kitabun Nasabi
138. Kifayatu Du’afa’is Sudaani
139. Kitabut Tarhibi Wat Targibi Fis Salati
140. Kashful Gummati Fi Bayani Maraatibi Ummati
141. Kashful Lu’um
142. Kifayatud Du’afa Fit Tafsir
143. Kitabur Rakhfil Araadi
144. Kitab Nasihat Ahliz Zamaani
145. Kitab Nasihatul Tagrib
146. Kitabun Niyyah
147. Kitaabul A’aadaatiy
148. Kitaabul Mawaa’izi
LAAMUN
149. Lam’ul Barqi
150. La’aalil An Muwa’izi Wal Hikami
151. Lubabul Madkha;l Fii Adaab Ahlid Din
152. Lubabu Ihya’u Ulumud Dini
MIIMUN
153. Madiyatuz Zaadi
154. Mas’alatu Asli Fulaniyyinah
155. Masalihul Insani
156. Masaa’ilul Jihaadi
157. Manzumun Fi Usulin Nahwi
158. Minanul Minnani
159. Miftahut Tafsir
160. Miftahut Tahaqquqi Fi Ilmil Mantik
161. Misbahur Rawi
162. Mu’inul Ikhwani
163. Mirasud Dulaabi
164. Miftahul Usul
165. Minhaajut Tahaqquq
166. Muhammad Jibril
NUUNUN
167. Nailul Ma’amuli Min Jawaami’i Kalimir Rasuly
168. Nailul Muraami Fii Tafaasirir Fasuli
169. Nazmul Haawii Fii Ahammi Masaa’ilin Nahawiyyati
170. Nafahatul Bashariyyaah
171. Nazmuj Jami’ul Jawaami’i
172. Nasa’ihul Ummati
173. Nazmul Maa Fil Itqani Wan Niqayah
174. Nazmu Maa Fish Sharshaawii
175. Nazmul Nukhyah
176. Nazmut Talkhisi
177. Nazmul Wusdha
178. Nabaat Fi A’amaalid Duniyawiyyah Wad Diniyat
179. Naylul Ma’amun
180. Naylul Maram
181. Naylus Sulfi Tafaakirir Rasul
182. Nasihah Bit Targhibi
183. Niyyah Fil A’amaal
WAAWUN
184. Waraqatun Tashtamilu Alaa Zawaahirul Fiqhi Wa Daqaa’iqihi
185. Wirdul Azkar
186. Wasiyyatu Abdullahi
HAA’UN
187. Hibatul Wahhabi Alaa Sharhi Mannil Mannani
Besides Arabic Publications, Sheikh Abdullahi Bin Fodiyo wrote a lot of Poems, both in Fulfulde and Hausa including those translated are over 200. May Almighty Allah reward him abundantly on these remarkable Scholarly activities May He Grant him Aljannatul Firdausi. Ameen.
REFERENCES
A. Alhaji (2007) The Fallen African Heroes. Sokoto But-Bass Educational Books (B.E.B).
A. M.SS/1 Waziri Junaidu History Bureau Sokoto
A. M.SS/2 Waziri Junaidu History Bureau Sokoto
A. M.SS/3 Waziri Junaidu History Bureau Sokoto
M.O.E. (1981) Great Lives. Ibadan: University Press Limited
H.A.S. Johnson (1967) The Fulani Empire of Sokoto.
Abubakar S. (Unpublished PhD Thesis) Sokoto Caliphate A.B.U. Zaria.
Offprint Journal: Institute of Muslim Minority affairs S.U Balogun paper title: Arabic interlectualism In West Africa. The role of the Sokoto Caliphate.
Sky high Journal (2003) An article titled The Sokoto Caliphate
A.S. Malami (OFR) (1989) Sir Saddiq Abubakar III 17th Sultan of Sokoto.
Ibadan Evans Brothers (Nigeria Publishers Ltd).
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